Revista Chilena de Historia Natural 79 (1): 89-95, 2006
RESEARCH ARTICLE
Using fecal profiles of bile acids to assess habitat use by threatened carnivores in the Maulino
forest of central Chile
The distribution and habitat use by carnivores can be assessed by studying their tracks or
feces. If these methods are to be used confidently, they should not only unequivocally discriminate among species, but should also
render the same patterns of spatial distributions. We assessed the fulfillment of these requirements with five carnivores inhabiting the
Maulino forest of central Chile: Galictis cuja, Oncifelis guigna, Pseudalopex culpaeus,
Pseudalopex griseus, and Puma concolor. Fecal bile acid thin layer chromatographic profiles were assessed,
and shown to be species-specific, invariant within samples of a given individual and among individuals of a given species, but
consistently different across species. The spatial distribution of feces in mixed stands of native forests and exotic pine plantations in
the coastal Maule region of central Chile was compared with the expected distribution according to habitat offer, and also with the
expected distribution based on earlier track records. The results revealed that Pseudalopex culpaeus makes extensive
use of pine plantations; Oncifelis guigna prefers native forests, and Pseudalopex griseus thrives in pine
plantations, native forests, and patches of native forest, in proportion to habitat availability. Results from scat distribution were similar to
those obtained by tracks records. Feces and tracks were thus useful indicators of habitat use by carnivores, and could be used
complementarily to study species with conservation problems.
Key words:
fecal bile acids,
Galictis, habitat use, Oncifelis, Pseudalopex, Puma, thin layer
chromatography
